Graphene oxide reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite: fabrication and characterization for thermal and mechanical properties investigations
Abstract
We reported the fabrication of poly (vinyl alcohol) incorporated with two different sizes of graphene oxide particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed two sizes of graphene oxide, the first size is as prepared GO_300 nm and the second size is 100nm after hard sonication. The alteration in thermal and mechanical properties of PVA/ GO (5, 10, 15, 20%) nanocomposite compering with PVA are mainly due to the uniform dispersion of GO particles in the polymer matrix and huge interfacial interaction between PVA and GO sheets. Differential scanning calorimetry shows obvious changes in thermal characteristics of PVA after mixing with GO particles. The composite samples exhibit a significant finding at different concentrations and size distribution of GO.
First published online 17 April 2020
Keyword : graphene oxide, tensile strength, stress strain curve, PVA degradation
How to Cite
Makharza, S., Faroun, M., Bawwab, M., & Afaneh, I. (2019). Graphene oxide reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite: fabrication and characterization for thermal and mechanical properties investigations. Engineering Structures and Technologies, 11(4), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.3846/est.2019.12473
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Cheng-An, T., Hao, Z., Fang, W., Hui, Z., Xiaorong, Z., & Jianfang, W. (2017). Mechanical properties of graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol composite film. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 25(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500102
Du, J., & Cheng, H.-M. (2012). The Fabrication, properties, and uses of graphene/polymer composites. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 213(10–11), 1060–1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201200029
Gómez-Navarro, C., Burghard, M., & Kern, K. (2008). Elastic properties of chemically derived single graphene sheets. Nano Letters, 8(7), 2045–2049. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801384y
Ionita, M., Pandele, A. M., Crica, L., & Pilan, L. (2014). Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of polysulfone by incorporation of graphene oxide. Composites Part B: Engineering, 59, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.11.018
Kim, H., & Macosko, C. W. (2009). Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites. Polymer, 50(15), 3797–3809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038
Lee, B. Y., & Kim, Y. C. (2013). Effect of graphene oxide (GO) dispersion on basic properties of polycarbonate/GO composites. International Journal of Digital Content Technology and Its Applications, 7(11), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol7.issue11.36
Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W., & Hone, J. (2008). Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science, 321(5887), 385–388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996
Mansor, M. R., Fadzullah, S. H. S. M., Masripan, N. A. B., Omar, G., & Akop, M. Z. (2019). Comparison between functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes. In Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites and their Derivatives (pp. 177–204). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814548-7.00009-X
Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S. V., Grigorieva, V. I., & Firsov, A. A. (2004). Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 306(5696), 666–669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
Novoselov, K. S., Jiang, D., Schedin, F., Booth, T. J., Khotkevich, V. V., Morozov, S. V., & Geim, A. K. (2005). Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(30), 10451–10453. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502848102
Omar, G., Salim, M. A., Mizah, B. R., Kamarolzaman, A. A., & Nadlene, R. (2019). Electronic applications of functionalized graphene nanocomposites. In Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites and their Derivatives (pp. 245–263). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814548-7.00012-X
Ou, B., Zhou, Z., Liu, Q., Liao, B., Yi, S., Ou, Y., Zhang, X., & Li, D. (2012). Covalent functionalization of graphene with poly(methyl methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization at room temperature. Polymer Chemistry, 3(10), 2768. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2py20438j
Sengupta, R., Bhattacharya, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Bhowmick, A. K. (2011). A review on the mechanical and electrical properties of graphite and modified graphite reinforced polymer composites. Progress in Polymer Science, 36(5), 638–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.003
Smith, A. T., LaChance, A. M., Zeng, S., Liu, B., & Sun, L. (2019). Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science, 1(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004
Suk, J. W., Piner, R. D., An, J., & Ruoff, R. S. (2010). Mechanical properties of monolayer graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 4(11), 6557–6564. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101781v
Sun, X., Luo, D., Liu, J., & Evans, D. G. (2010). Monodisperse chemically modified graphene obtained by density gradient ultracentrifugal rate separation. ACS Nano, 4(6), 3381–3389. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1000386
Xu, Y., Hong, W., Bai, H., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2009). Strong and ductile poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure. Carbon, 47(15), 3538–3543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.022
Xue, G., Zhang, B., Sun, M., Zhang, X., Li, J., Wang, L., & Song, C. (2019). Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy adhesives containing well-dispersed graphene oxide. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 88, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.10.011
Yu, Y.-H., Lin, Y.-Y., Lin, C.-H., Chan, C.-C., & Huang, Y.-C. (2014). High-performance polystyrene/graphene-based nanocomposites with excellent anti-corrosion properties. Polymer Chemistry, 5(2), 535. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3py00825h
Zhang, P., Ma, L., Fan, F., Zeng, Z., Peng, C., Loya, P. E., Liu, Z., Gong., Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Ajayan., P. N., & Lou, J. (2014). Fracture toughness of graphene. Nature Communications, 5, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4782