Dangerous actions while installing building constructions and means to decrease their undesirable influence

Abstract

Construction business is quite specific, that is why work safety management in construction companies is very specific too. Work safety management in construction companies and sites is difficult and much more complicated than in companies of other businesses. Analysis of work safety management systems in construction companies can be very diverse. It depends on the work quality and technological processes in construction sites (from the preparation for construction work to different extra processes). Because of the specific features of building, like its dynamic or diversity, it is very difficult to ensure safe work conditions constructing using traditional methods and especially new methods, processes, and technologies. There is practically always a risk of having an accident at work (while installing reinforced concrete, wooden or metal constructions or doing other construction technological processes) because it is almost inconceivable to decrease its possibility to the least level. Work safety in this article is analyzed in the light of dangerous actions doing installation or other construction work. There is also made a survey of scientific literature about dangerous actions and of experience of Lithuanian Work Inspection at construction sites, and report on observation of exact construction sites picking out the most dangerous factors, the most important of which is labors’ falling down from height. In the article there are data (about influence of dangerous actions on construction process) analyzed and systemized. All of them were picked out during forensic examination of work safety Summarizing made researches the author advises to use such preventions: it is advisable to pay attention not to all possible dangerous factors, but only to three of them – falling down from height, objects falling down on labors, and injuries made by working mechanisms. The author advises to use work safety assurance scheme (3rd picture) and while preparing technological projects to use 3S principle (principle of three schemes).

Article in Lithuanian.

Pavojingi statybos konstrukcijų įrengimo veiksniai ir priemonės nepageidaujamam jų poveikiui mažinti

Santrauka. Straipsnyje aptariamos darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos problemos, kylančios atliekant įvairius technologinius procesus statybvietėse, pasiūlyti realūs sprendiniai, padedantys užtikrinti statybos įmonių darbuotojų saugą. Atlikta naujausios mokslinės literatūros šaltinių apie pavojingų veiksnių statyboje tyrimus apžvalga, apibendrinta Lietuvos valstybinės darbo inspekcijos sukaupta patirtis, tiriant ir vertinant pavojingus veiksnius statybos procesuose, atliktas statybos darbų ir procesų stebėjimas konkrečiose statybvietėse, išskiriant pavojingiausius pagal poveikio dažnumą ir pasekmių sunkumą veiksnius, kurių svarbiausias – darbuotojų kritimas iš aukščio. Straipsnyje taip pat analizuojami duomenys (apie pavojingų veiksnių veikimą atliekant statybos procesus), kuriuos surinko autorius atlikdamas ekspertinius darbų saugos tyrimus. Minėti duomenys susisteminti, pateikiama konkrečių siūlymų, kaip mažinti nepageidaujamą pavojingų veiksnių poveikį.

Reikšminiai žodžiai: statybos technologiniai procesai, nelaimingi atsitikimai darbe, pavojingi veiksniai statybvietėse, saugių statybos procesų projektavimas, saugos darbe sprendiniai, rizikos valdymas statybos procesuose.

First Published Online: 16 May 2013

Keyword : building technological processes, accidents, dangerous factors in construction sites, planning of safe construction processes, work safety solutions, management of risk in construction processes