Share:


R&D collaboration breadth and family-firm innovation efficiency: the role of family management and generational stage

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between R&D collaboration breadth and innovation efficiency within family firms. Based on the socioemotional wealth approach and recognising that family firms constitute a rather heterogeneous group, we study family firms’ differences in the way of addressing the R&D collaboration breadth-innovation efficiency link, taking into account family management and the generational stage. Using a panel dataset of 424 manufacturing family firms during the 2007–2016 period, we find significant differences across family firms in the translation of gains from R&D collaboration breadth into innovation efficiency. Specifically, our findings reveal that family firms with higher levels of family management and in first generational stage weaken the R&D collaboration breadth – innovation efficiency link.


First published online 13 February 2023

Keyword : innovation efficiency, R&D collaboration breadth, family management, generational stage, socioemotional wealth

How to Cite
Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2023). R&D collaboration breadth and family-firm innovation efficiency: the role of family management and generational stage. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(2), 677–695. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.18526
Published in Issue
Mar 20, 2023
Abstract Views
845
PDF Downloads
544
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Aiello, F., Cardamone, P., Mannarino, L., & Pupo, V. (2021). Does external R&D matter for family firm innovation? Evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry. Small Business Economics, 57(4), 1915–1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00379-z

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.

Alayo, M., Iturralde, T., & Maseda, A. (2022). Innovation and internationalization in family SMEs: Analyzing the role of family involvement. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(2), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0302

Alberti, F. G., Ferrario, S., Papa, F., & Pizzurno, E. (2014). Search breadth, open innovation and family firms: Evidences in Italian mid-high tech SMEs. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 10(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2014.066710

Almirall, E., & Casadesus-Masanell, R. (2010). Open versus closed innovation: A model of discovery and divergence. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 27–47.

Ardito, L., Messeni Petruzzelli, A., Pascucci, F., & Peruffo, E. (2019). Inter‐firm R&D collaborations and green innovation value: The role of family firms’ involvement and the moderating effects of proximity dimensions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(1), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2248

Arzubiaga, U., Maseda, A., Uribarri, A., & Palma-Ruiz, J. M. (2019). Collaborative innovation in the family SME: Conceptualization, goals, and success factors. European Journal of Family Business, 9(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v9i2.5265

Ashwin, A. S., Krishnan, R. T., & George, R. (2015). Family firms in India: Family involvement, innovation and agency and stewardship behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(4), 869–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9440-1

Becker, W., & Dietz, J. (2004). R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms – Evidence for the German manufacturing industry. Research Policy, 33(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.07.003

Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355

Bigliardi, B., & Galati, F. (2018). Family firms and collaborative innovation: Present debates and future research. European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(2), 334–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2017-0054

Block, J. H., Miller, D., Jaskiewicz, P., & Spiegel, F. (2013). Economic and technological importance of innovations in large family and founder firms: An analysis of patent data. Family Business Review, 26(2), 180–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513477454

Brinkerink, J., Van Gils, A., Bammens, Y., & Carree, M. (2017). Open innovation: A literature review and recommendations for family business research. In F. W. Kellermanns & F. Hoy (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Family Business (pp. 241–266). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315688053

Calabrò, A., Vecchiarini, M., Gast, J., Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Kraus, S. (2019). Innovation in family firms: A systematic literature review and guidance for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 21(3), 317–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12192

Casado-Belmonte, M. P., Capobianco-Uriarte, M. M., Martínez-Alonso, R., & Martínez-Romero, M. J. (2021). Delineating the path of family firm innovation: Mapping the scientific structure. Review of Managerial Science, 15(8), 2455–2499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00442-3

Casillas, J. C., Moreno, A. M., & Barbero, J. L. (2010). A configurational approach of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of family firms. Family Business Review, 23(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509345159

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., & Wright, M. (2015). The ability and willingness paradox in family firm innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12207

Classen, N., Van Gils, A., Bammens, Y., & Carree, M. (2012). Accessing resources from innovation partners: The search breadth of family SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00350.x

Coad, A., & Rao, R. (2008). Innovation and firm growth in high-tech sectors: A quantile regression approach. Research Policy, 37(4), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.003

Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales. (2018). La industria, motor de crecimiento: análisis y recomendaciones. CEOE. https://www.ceoe.es/es/publicaciones/economia/la-industria-motor-de-crecimiento-analisis-y-recomendaciones

Cruz, C., & Nordqvist, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: A generational perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9265-8

Cui, T., Ye, H., Teo, H. H., & Li, J. (2015). Information technology and open innovation: A strategic alignment perspective. Information and Management, 52(3), 348–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.005

Daspit, J. J., Chrisman, J. J., Ashton, T., & Evangelopoulos, N. (2021). Family firm heterogeneity: A definition, common themes, scholarly progress, and directions forward. Family Business Review, 34(3), 296–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865211008350

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Kotlar, J., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Wright, M. (2016). Innovation through tradition: Lessons from innovative family businesses and directions for future research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0017

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Pizzurno, E., & Cassia, L. (2015). Product innovation in family versus nonfamily firms: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12068

Del Vecchio, P., Secundo, G., Rubino, M., Garzoni, A., & Vrontis, D. (2019). Open innovation in family firms: Empirical evidence about internal and external knowledge flows. Business Process Management Journal, 26(5), 979–997. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2019-0142

Diéguez-Soto, J., Martínez-Romero, M. J., Corten, M., & Michiels, A. (2022). The impact of the CEO’s financial literacy on family SMEs’ growth: The moderating role of generational stage. Baltic Journal of Management, 17(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2021-0003

Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Collier, G. (2019). Research on family firm innovation: What do family firms actually think and do? Journal of Family Business Strategy, 10(4), 100308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.100308

Erdogan, I., Rondi, E., & De Massis, A. (2020). Managing the tradition and innovation paradox in family firms: A family imprinting perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(1), 20–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719839712

Faems, D., De Visser, M., Andries, P., & Van Looy, B. (2010). Technology alliance portfolios and financial performance: Value-enhancing and cost-increasing effects of open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 785–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00752.x

Family Firm Institute. (2018). Global data points. https://my.ffi.org/page/globaldatapoints

Fang, H., Kotlar, J., Memili, E., Chrisman, J. J., & De Massis, A. (2018). The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms: Generational differences and the role of knowledge-based resources. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1), 136–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1197

Feng, Y., Zhang, H., Chiu, Y., & Chang, T.-H. (2022). The efficiency of financing and R&D in technology-based SMES and impact of financial regulation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(5), 1439–1475. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.17309

Feranita, F., Kotlar, J., & De Massis, A. (2017). Collaborative innovation in family firms: Past research, current debates and agenda for future research. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 8(3), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2017.07.001

Ferreras-Méndez, J. L., Newell, S., Fernández-Mesa, A., & Alegre, J. (2015). Depth and breadth of external knowledge search and performance: The mediating role of absorptive capacity. Industrial Marketing Management, 47, 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.02.038

Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A., Hampton, M. M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business. Harvard Business School Press.

Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., & García-Marco, T. (2019). Open Innovation in family firms. A systematic literature review. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 17(3), 304–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-03-2019-0913

Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., & García-Marco, T. (2020). Innovation performance and technological collaboration with business partners in family firms. Piccola Impresa / Small Business, 1, 86–111. https://doi.org/10.14596/pisb.338

Godlewska, M., Banasik, P., & Morawska, S. (2022). The impact of institutions on innovation networks: Empirical evidence from Poland. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(4), 1068–1088. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16781

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Makri, M., & Larraza-Kintana, M. (2010). Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x

Hernandez-Vivanco, A., Cruz-Cázares, C., & Bernardo, M. (2018). Openness and management systems integration: Pursuing innovation benefits. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 49, 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.07.001

Jiang, R. J., Tao, Q. T., & Santoro, M. D. (2010). Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 31(10), 1136–1144. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.869

Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., Sarathy, R., & Murphy, F. (2012). Innovativeness in family firms: A family influence perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9268-5

Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Fang, H., & Frattini, F. (2014). Strategic reference points in family firms. Small Business Economics, 43(3), 597–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9556-6

Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Bianchi, M., & Fang, H. (2013). Technology acquisition in family and nonfamily firms: A longitudinal analysis of Spanish manufacturing firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(6), 1073–1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12046

Kraiczy, N. D., Hack, A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2014). New product portfolio performance in family firms. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.06.005

Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.507

Lazzarotti, V., & Pellegrini, L. (2015). An explorative study on family firms and open innovation breadth: do non-family managers make the difference? European Journal of International Management, 9(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2015.067854

Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., Pellegrini, L., & Gjergji, R. (2017). Are there any differences between family and non-family firms in the open innovation era? Lessons from the practice of European manufacturing companies. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 11(4), 279–319. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2017.091485

Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2013). Socioemotional wealth across the family firm life cycle: A commentary on “Family business survival and the role of boards.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1391–1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12072

Li, Z., & Daspit, J. J. (2016). Understanding family firm innovation heterogeneity: A typology of family governance and socioemotional wealth intentions. Journal of Family Business Management, 6(2), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2015-0010

Llach, J., & Nordqvist, M. (2010). Innovation in family and non-family businesses: A resource perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 2(3), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2010.037119

Lyu, Y., Zhu, Y., Han, S., He, B., & Bao, L. (2020). Open innovation and innovation “Radicalness” – the moderating effect of network embeddedness. Technology in Society, 62, 101292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101292

Manzaneque, M., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Garrido-Moreno, A. (2018). Technological innovation inputs, outputs and family management: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. Innovation: Organization & Management, 20(4), 299–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1444491

Manzaneque, M., Rojo-Ramírez, A. A., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Martínez-Romero, M. J. (2020). How negative aspiration performance gaps affect innovation efficiency. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0091-8

Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2020). The impact of technological innovation efficiency on firm growth: The moderating role of family involvement in management. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(1), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2018-0210

Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2022a). Heterogeneous collaborative networks and firm performance: Do the contingent effects of family management and intellectual property rights matter? Baltic Journal of Management, 17(3), 356–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2021-0354

Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2022b). Refining the influence of family involvement in management on firm performance: The mediating role of technological innovation efficiency. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 25(4), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420957330

Martínez-Romero, M. J., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Vandekerkhof, P. (2022). Enlightening the influence of family TMT involvement on firm growth and degrowth rates. Eurasian Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-022-00220-5

Martínez-Romero, M. J., Rojo-Ramírez, A. A., & Casado-Belmonte, M. P. (2020). Value creation in privately held family businesses: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 37(3), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1540

Memili, E., Fang, H. C., & Welsh, D. H. B. (2015). Value creation and value appropriation in innovation process in publicly-traded family firms. Management Decision, 53(9), 1921–1952. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2014-0391

Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sánchez-Bueno, M. J., & De Massis, A. (2020). Combining internal and external R&D: The effects on innovation performance in family and nonfamily firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(5), 996–1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719879674

Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sanchez-Bueno, M. J., & Suárez-González, I. (2018). Diversification decisions among family firms: The role of family involvement and generational stage. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 21(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2017.11.001

Nieto, M. J., & Santamaría, L. (2007). The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation. Technovation, 27(6–7), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2006.10.001

Nieto, M. J., Santamaria, L., & Fernandez, Z. (2015). Understanding the innovation behavior of family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12075

Nordqvist, M., & Zellweger, T. (2010). Transgenerational entrepreneurship: Exploring growth and performance in family firms across generations. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Pellegrini, L., & Lazzarotti, V. (2019). How governance mechanisms in family firms impact open innovation choices: A fuzzy logic approach. Creativity and Innovation Management, 28(4), 486–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12331

Pereira, D., & Leitão, J. (2016). Absorptive capacity, coopetition and generation of product innovation: Contrasting Italian and Portuguese manufacturing firms. International Journal Technology Management, 71(1/2), 10–37. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.077979

Sánchez-Marín, G., Pemartín, M., & Monreal-Pérez, J. (2020). The influence of family involvement and generational stage on learning-by-exporting among family firms. Review of Managerial Science, 14(1), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00350-7

Schepers, J., Voordeckers, W., Steijvers, T., & Laveren, E. (2014). The entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship in private family firms: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9533-5

Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2014). Family management and profitability in private family-owned firms: Introducing generational stage and the socioemotional wealth perspective. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.03.001

Serrano-Bedia, A. M., Palma-Ruiz, J. M., & Flores-Rivera, C. (2019). Innovation and family firms: Past and future research perspectives. In J. M. Saiz-Álvarez & J. M. Palma-Ruiz (Eds.), Handbook of research on entrepreneurial leadership and competitive strategy in family business (pp. 371–398). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8012-6.ch018

Stefan, I., & Bengtsson, L. (2017). Unravelling appropriability mechanisms and openness depth effects on firm performance across stages in the innovation process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 120, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.014

Stockmans, A., Lybaert, N., & Voordeckers, W. (2010). Socioemotional wealth and earnings management in private family firms. Family Business Review, 23(3), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486510374457

Stuart, T. E. (2000). Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200008)21:8<791::AID-SMJ121>3.0.CO;2-K

Un, C. A., & Asakawa, K. (2015). Types of R&D collaborations and process innovation: The benefit of collaborating upstream in the knowledge chain. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12229

Van Beers, C., & Zand, F. (2014). R&D cooperation, partner diversity, and innovation performance: An empirical analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(2), 292–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12096

Veider, V., & Matzler, K. (2016). The ability and willingness of family-controlled firms to arrive at organizational ambidexterity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.10.001

Voordeckers, W., Van Gils, A., & Van Den Heuvel, J. (2007). Board composition in small and medium-sized family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(1), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00204.x

Zellweger, T. M. (2017). Managing the family business. Theory and practice. Edward Elgar Publishing.