Dreams, embodied imagination and the creative mind: a pilot study
Abstract
This pilot study is the first attempt to investigate the use of embodied imagination in the creative process. Embodied imagination is an emerging method for working with dreams and the imagination that employs two fundamental processes: First, embodied imagination takes place in a hybrid state of awareness including both wake-like and dream-like experience. Second, embodied imagination focuses on direct engagement with dream images. Seven participants, currently engaged in a creative project, were guided in a two-step embodied imagination process. The first session focused on a memory of feeling blocked in the creative process and the second session focused on a dream that had emerged between sessions. This process was found to be an effective support for the creative process. During the second session an electroencephalograph was employed to determine whether participants entered into an awakened mind state during the embodied imagination process. Awakened mind is hypothesized to be a more creative form of waking awareness characterized by a specific relative amplitude relationship between brain wave frequencies. During the embodied imagination session participants were found to enter awakened mind and were able to re-enter awakened mind after the session when re-engaging the “composite”, a somatically anchored network of experiences generated during the embodied imagination session.
Article in English.
Sapnai, įkūnyta vaizduotė ir kūrybinis protas: bandomasis tyrimas
Santrauka
Šis bandomasis tyrimas – tai pirmosios pastangos išnagrinėti, kaip kūrybos procese pasitelkiama įkūnyta vaizduotė. Įkūnyta vaizduotė – tai besiformuojantis metodas dirbti su sapnais ir vaizduote, kuri įveiklina du fundamentalius procesus. Pirma, įkūnyta vaizduotė yra mišrios sąmoningumo būklės, apimančios patyrimus, panašius tiek į būdravimą, tiek į sapną, dalis. Antra, įkūnyta vaizduotė yra tiesiogiai susijusi su sapnų vaizdiniais. Septyni dalyviai, kurie šiuo metu dalyvauja kūrybiniame projekte, vadovavo dviejų etapų įkūnytos vaizduotės procesui. Pirmosios sesijos metu buvo susitelkta į jausmo, užsifiksavusio kūrybos procese, atsiminimą, o antrosios sesijos metu – į sapną, iškilusį laikotarpiu tarp dviejų sesijų. Buvo nustatyta, kad šis procesas – tai veiksminga paspirtis kūrybos procesui. Antrosios sesijos metu buvo pasinaudota elektroencefalografu, siekiant nustatyti, ar, vykstant įkūnytos vaizduotės procesui, dalyviai tapo pabudusios sąmonės būklės. Keliama hipotezė, kad pabudusi sąmonė – tai kūrybiškesnė bundančio sąmoningumo, kuriam būdingas specifinio santykinio masto santykis tarp pasikartojančių smegenų bangų, forma. Buvo nustatyta, kad įkūnytos vaizduotės sesijos metu dalyviai tapo pabudusio proto būklės ir gebėjo vėl panirti į tokią būklę pasibaigus sesijai, iš naujo įsijungdami į „sudėtinį“, somatiškai įtvirtintą patyrimų tinklą, susikūrusį įkūnytos vaizduotės sesijos metu.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: pabudusi sąmonė, kūrybiškumas, sapnai, įkūnyta vaizduotė.
Keyword : awakened mind, creativity, dreams, embodied imagination
How to Cite
Szuster, R. R. (2018). Dreams, embodied imagination and the creative mind: a pilot study. Creativity Studies, 11(1), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2018.2204
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Cade, C. M., & Coxhead, N. (1979). The awakened mind: biofeedback and the development of higher states of awareness. New York: Delacorte Press/Eleanor Friede.
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Corbin, H. (1964). Mundus imaginalis, or the imaginary and the imaginal. Retrieved from http://www.imagomundi.com.br/espiritualidade/mundus_imaginalis.pdf
Domhoff, G. W., & Fox, K. C. R. (2015). Dreaming and the default network: a review, synthesis, and counterintuitive research proposal. Consciousness and Cognition, 33, 342-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.01.019
Ellamil, M., Dobson, Ch., Beeman, M., & Christoff, K. (2012). Evaluative and generative modes of thought during the creative process. NeuroImage, 59(2), 1783-1794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.008
Ferrarelli, F., Smith, R., Dentico, D., Riedner, B. A., Zennig, C., Benca, R. M., Lutz, A., Davidson, R. J., & Tononi, G. (2013). Experienced mindfulness meditators exhibit higher parietal-occipital EEG gamma activity during NREM sleep. PLoS ONE, 8(8), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073417
Fingelkurts, A. A., Fingelkurts, A. A., & Neves C. F. H. (2013). Consciousness as a phenomenon in the operational architectonics of brain organization: criticality and self-organization considerations. Chaos, Solutions & Fractals, 55, 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2013.02.007
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Solomonova, E., Domhoff, G. W., & Christoff, K. (2013). Dreaming as mind wandering: evidenced from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00412
Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Corbetta, M., Essen, Van D. C., & Raichle, M. E. (2005). The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(27), 9673-9678. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504136102
Gilhooly, K. J. (2016). Incubation and intuition in creative problem solving. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01076
Hillman, J. (2004). Archetypal psychology: a brief account. Series: James Hillman Uniform Edition. Vol. 1. Dallas: Spring Publications, Inc.
Pace-Schott, E. F., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2008). Sleep, dreaming, and wakefulness. In L. R. Squire, F. E. Bloom, S. du Lac, A. Ghosh, & D. Berg (Eds.), Fundamental neuroscience (pp. 959-986). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
Jasper, H. (1958). Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography: 1957. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 10(2), 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(58)90053-1
Jung, C. G. (1974). Dreams. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung-Beeman, M., Bowden, E. M., Haberman, J., Frymiare, J. L., Arambel-Liu, S., Greenblatt, R., Reber, P. J., & Kounious, J. (2004). Neural activity when people solve problems with insight. PLoS Biology, 2(4), 0500-0510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020097
Kokoszka, A., & Wallace, B. (2011). Sleep, dreams, and other biological cycles as altered states of consciousness. In E. Cardena & M. Winkelman (Eds.), Altering Consciousness: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Vol. 2: Biological and Psychological Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2009). The Aha! moment: the cognitive neuroscience of insight. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(4), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01638.x
Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2015). The Eureka factor: Aha moments, creative insight, and the brain. New York: Random House.
Llewellyn, S. (2016). Crossing the invisible line: de-differentiation of wake, sleep and dreaming may engender both creative insight and psychopathology. Consciousness and Cognition, 46, 127-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.018
Llewellyn, S. (2011). If waking and dreaming consciousness become de-differentiated, would schizophrenia result?. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1059-1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.022
Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Long-term meditators selfinduce high amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(46), 16369-16373. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407401101
Marzetti, L., Lanzo, Di C., Zappasodi, F., Chella, F., Raffone, A., & Pizzella, V. (2014). Magnetoencephalographic Alpha band connectivity reveals differential default mode network interactions during focused attention and open monitoring meditation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00832
Mavromatis, A. (2010). Hypnogogia: the unique state of consciousness between wakefulness and sleep. London: Routledge.
Mok, L. W. (2014). The interplay between spontaneous and controlled processing in creative cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00663
Nir, Y., & Tononi, G. (2010). Dreaming and the brain: from phenomenology to neurophysiology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(2), 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001
Nishida, M., Hirai, N., Miwakeichi, F., Maehara, T., Kawai, K., Shimizu, H., & Uchida, S. (2007). Corrigendum to “Theta oscillation in the human anterior cingulate cortex during all-night sleep: an electrocorticographic study”. Neuroscience Research, 58(2), 215-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2007.03.007
Nishida, M., Pearsall, J., Buckner, R. L., & Walker, M. P. (2009). REM sleep, Prefrontal Theta, and the consolidation of human emotional memory. Cerebral Cortex, 19(5), 1158-1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn155
Pace-Schott, E. F. (2009). Sleep architecture. In R. Stickgold & M. P. Walker (Eds.), The neuroscience of sleep (pp. 11-17). London: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375073-0.50006-3
Raichle, M. E., Macleod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(2), 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.676
Ritter, S. M., Baaren, van R. B., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2012). Creativity: the role of unconscious processes in idea generation and idea selection. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2011.12.002
Ritter, S. M., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2014). Creativity – the unconscious foundations of the incubation period. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00215
Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092
Sadler-Smith, E. (2015). Wallas’ four-stage model of the creative process: more than meets the eye?. Creativity Research Journal, 27(4), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2015.1087277
Schredl, M., & Erlacher, D. (2007). Self-reported effects of dreams on waking-life creativity: an empirical study. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 141(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.141.1.35-46
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, Th. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 94-120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014212
Smith, S. M., & Dodds, R. A. (1999). Incubation. In M. A. Runco & S. R. Pritzker (Eds.-in-Chief), Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 39-44). Vol. 2. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Sonenberg, J. (2003). Dreamwork for actors. New York: Routledge.
Takahara, M., Kanayama, S., Nittono, H., & Hori, T. (2006). REM sleep EEG pattern: examination by a new EEG scoring system for REM sleep period. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 4(2), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00201.x
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