Expanding the paradigm: bringing designerly perspectives into creativity scholarship
Abstract
Designerly ways of knowing have significant untapped potential to inform creativity research. In this article, I draw upon in-depth interviews with expert design scholars to examine this connection. Thematic analysis reveals how design offers potential lenses on creativity that are not often taken up in dominant psychological discourses around creativity. I situate this by framing the need for design-based knowledge within creativity literature. The findings reflect a view of creativity involving perception, intuition, and ability to re-see the world; creativity as an action-orientated phenomenon; and a focus on the ethics of creativity in an increasingly technology-empowered society. In exploring scholarly definitions of and views about creativity, there are insights on how design offers distinctive viewpoints for paradigms around creativity.
Article in English.
Paradigmos išplėtimas: dizaino perspektyvų įtraukimas į kūrybinį ugdymą
Santrauka
Dizaineriško pažinimo būdai turi reikšmingų nepanaudotų galimybių praturtinti kūrybiškumo tyrinėjimus. Siekdama išnagrinėti šį ryšį, straipsnyje remiuosi išsamiais interviu su dizaino srityje dirbančiais mokslininkais ekspertais. Teminė analizė atskleidžia, kaip dizainas kūrybiškumui suteikia galimybių, atveriančių jo perspektyvas, kurios nėra pasitelkiamos vyraujančiuose psichologijos diskursuose, susijusiuose su kūrybiškumu. Tam skiriu dėmesio, kūrybiškumui skirtoje literatūroje sukurdama dizainu grindžiamų žinių poreikį. Išvados atspindi kūrybiškumo vaizdą, apimantį suvokimą, intuiciją ir gebėjimą naujaip pažvelgti į pasaulį; kūrybiškumą kaip į veiksmą nukreiptą reiškinį ir į kūrybiškumo etiką visuomenėje, kurioje vis didesnių galių įgyja technologijos. Tyrinėjant mokslinius kūrybiškumo apibrėžimus ir nusistatymus jo atžvilgiu, kyla įžvalgų apie tai, kaip dizainas formuoja išskirtinius požiūrius į kūrybiškumo paradigmas.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: kūrybinė epistemologija, kūrybinės paradigmos, kūrybinis mąstymas, kūrybiškumas, kūrybiškumo tyrinėjimai, dizainas, dizaineriški pažinimo būdai, etika, intuicija, suvokimas.
Keyword : creative epistemologies, creative paradigms, creative thinking, creativity, creativity research, design, designerly ways of knowing, ethics, perceiving
How to Cite
Henriksen, D. (2019). Expanding the paradigm: bringing designerly perspectives into creativity scholarship. Creativity Studies, 12(1), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.6757
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Horton, A., Henriksen, D., Mishra, P., Seals, Ch., Shack, K., & Marcotte, C. (2019). Creativity and the urban teacher: A STEM-related professional development program. In C. A. Mullen (Ed.), Creativity under duress in education? Resistive theories, practices, and actions. Series: Creativity Theory and Action in Education, Vol. 3 (pp. 289-312). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90272-2_16
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Lieberman, M. D. (2000). Intuition: A social cognitive neuroscience approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126(1), 109-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.109
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Lindgaard, K., & Wesselius, H. (2017). Once more, with feeling: Design thinking and embodied cognition. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.05.004
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Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995658
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Prabhu, V., Sutton, Ch., & Sauser, W. (2008). Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation. Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701841955
Quinn Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
Runco, M. A. (2014). Creativity. Theories and themes: research, development, and practice. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
Runco, M. A., & Chand, I. (1995). Cognition and creativity. Educational Psychology Review, 7(3), 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02213373
Sarath, E. (2006). Meditation, creativity, and consciousness: Charting future terrain within higher education. Teachers College Record, 108(9), 1816-1841. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00763.x
Sawyer, R. K. (2012). Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Squire, L. R. (2004). Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82(3), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005
Starko, A. J. (2014). Creativity in the classroom: Schools of curious delight. New York, NY: Routledge.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospects and paradigms. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3-15). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Wang, D., & İlhan, A. O. (2009). Holding creativity together: A sociological theory of the design professions. Design Issues, 25(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi.2009.25.1.5
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., Kam, J. W. Y., Franklin, M. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Inspired by distraction: Mind wandering facilitates creative incubation. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1117-1122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612446024
Buchanan, B. G. (2001). Creativity at the Metalevel: AAAI-2000 Presidential Address. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 22(3), 13-28.
Claxton, G. (2006). Thinking at the edge: Developing soft creativity. Cambridge Journal of Education, 36(3), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640600865876
Collins, A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004). Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 15-42. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1301_2
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Cropley, A. J. (2003). Creativity in education & learning: A guide for teachers and educators. London and New York: Routledge.
Cropley, A. (2016). The myths of heaven-sent creativity: Toward a perhaps less democratic but more down-to-earth understanding. Creativity Research Journal, 28(3), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1195614
Cross, N. (2011). Design thinking: Understanding how designers think and work. London: Berg. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474293884
Cross, N. (2001). Designerly ways of knowing: Design discipline versus design science. Design Issues, 17(3), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1162/074793601750357196
Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. New York: Penguin Putnam.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: Macmillan Company.
Dorst, K., & Cross, N. (2001). Creativity in the design process: Co-Evolution of problem–solution. Design Studies, 22(5), 425-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00009-6
Fleck, J. I., & Kounios, J. (2009). Intuition, creativity, and unconscious aspects of problem solving. In W. P. Banks (Ed.-in-Chief). Encyclopedia of consciousness, Vol. 1 (pp. 431-446). Cambridge, MA: Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373873-8.00042-6
Fox, J. M., & Fox, R. L. (2000). Exploring the nature of creativity. Dobuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishers Company.
Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R. A. (2017). Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(2), 269-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000133
Gallate, J., & Keen, S. (2011). Intuition. In M. A. Runco & S. R. Pritzker (Eds.-in-Chief). Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 683-688). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375038-9.00278-8
Gaut, B. (2010). The philosophy of creativity. Philosophy Compass, 5(12), 1034-1046. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00351.x
Glăveanu, V. P. (2014). The psychology of creativity: A critical reading. Creativity: Theories – Research – Applications, 1(1), 10-32. https://doi.org/10.15290/ctra.2014.01.01.02
Greffe, X. (2016). From culture to creativity and the creative economy: A new agenda for cultural economics. City, Culture and Society, 7(2), 71-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2015.12.008
Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5(9), 444-454. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063487
Halpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains: disposition, skills, structure training, and metacognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 53(4), 449-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.4.449
Henriksen, D., Mishra, P., Warr, M., & The Deep-Play Research Group. (2018a). A cybernetic perspective on design and creativity: A conversation with Dr. Paul Pangaro. TechTrends, 62(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0232-y
Henriksen, D., Mishra, P., & The Deep-Play Research Group. (2018b). Creativity as invention, discovery, innovation and intuition: An interview with Dr. Richard Buchanan. TechTrends, 62(3), 215-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0279-4
Henriksen, D., Richardson, C., & Mehta, R. (2017). Design thinking: A creative approach to educational problems of practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.001
Hoadley, Ch., & Cox, Ch. (2009). What is design knowledge and how do we teach it? In Ch. DiGiano, Sh. Goldman, & M. Chorost (Eds.), Educating learning technology designers: Guiding and inspiring creators of innovative educational tools (pp. 19-35). New York: Routledge.
Horton, A., Henriksen, D., Mishra, P., Seals, Ch., Shack, K., & Marcotte, C. (2019). Creativity and the urban teacher: A STEM-related professional development program. In C. A. Mullen (Ed.), Creativity under duress in education? Resistive theories, practices, and actions. Series: Creativity Theory and Action in Education, Vol. 3 (pp. 289-312). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90272-2_16
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Series: Prentice-Hall Series in Experimental Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kaufman, J. C., & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.). (2010). The Cambridge handbook of creativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205
Kimbell, L. (2011). Rethinking design thinking: Part I. Design and Culture, 3(3), 285-306. https://doi.org/10.2752/175470811X13071166525216
Lieberman, M. D. (2000). Intuition: A social cognitive neuroscience approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126(1), 109-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.109
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, Inc.
Lindgaard, K., & Wesselius, H. (2017). Once more, with feeling: Design thinking and embodied cognition. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.05.004
Lowe, Ph. (2010). Enacting rural sociology: Or what are the creativity claims of the engaged sciences?. Sociologia Ruralis: Journal of the European Society for Rural Sociology, 50(4), 311-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2010.00522.x
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995658
Plucker, J. A., & Renzulli, J. S. (1999). Psychometric approaches to the study of human creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 35-61). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Prabhu, V., Sutton, Ch., & Sauser, W. (2008). Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation. Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701841955
Quinn Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
Runco, M. A. (2014). Creativity. Theories and themes: research, development, and practice. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
Runco, M. A., & Chand, I. (1995). Cognition and creativity. Educational Psychology Review, 7(3), 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02213373
Sarath, E. (2006). Meditation, creativity, and consciousness: Charting future terrain within higher education. Teachers College Record, 108(9), 1816-1841. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00763.x
Sawyer, R. K. (2012). Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Squire, L. R. (2004). Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82(3), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005
Starko, A. J. (2014). Creativity in the classroom: Schools of curious delight. New York, NY: Routledge.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospects and paradigms. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3-15). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Wang, D., & İlhan, A. O. (2009). Holding creativity together: A sociological theory of the design professions. Design Issues, 25(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi.2009.25.1.5